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Content extraction is what makes Reader output useful for LLMs. A raw web page is full of navigation, sidebars, footers, ads, cookie banners, and scripts - all tokens your model has to pay for and ignore. Reader strips all of that and gives you the article body.

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Default behavior

With onlyMainContent: true (the default), Reader runs a multi-step extraction:
  1. Find the main content container in priority order:
    • <main> element
    • [role="main"] attribute
    • Single <article> element
    • Common content IDs and classes: #content, .post-content, .article-body, etc.
    • Largest text block (fallback heuristic)
  2. Remove navigation chrome (if no main content container was found):
    • <nav>, <header>, <footer>, <aside>
    • Sidebars, menus, breadcrumbs
    • Social sharing widgets, comment sections
    • Newsletter forms, cookie banners
  3. Always remove (regardless of mode):
    • <script>, <style>, <noscript>, <template>
    • Hidden elements (display: none, visibility: hidden)
    • Overlays, modals, popups
    • Fixed and sticky positioned elements
    • Ad selectors and tracking pixels
    • Base64 inline images (unless removeBase64Images: false)
  4. Resolve responsive images - srcset attributes are parsed and the highest-resolution image is kept in the output.
The result is a clean HTML tree that’s then converted to markdown via supermarkdown.

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Disabling main content extraction

For full-page capture (including nav, header, footer), set onlyMainContent: false: 
const result = await reader.scrape({
  urls: ["https://example.com"],
  onlyMainContent: false,
});
Use this when:
  • You’re scraping a landing page where the “main content” is the whole page
  • You need to extract links from navigation
  • You’re debugging and want to see what Reader sees before cleaning

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Tag filtering with CSS selectors

For fine-grained control, use includeTags and excludeTags: 
const result = await reader.scrape({
  urls: ["https://blog.example.com/post"],
  includeTags: [".article-content", "#main-body"],
  excludeTags: [".comments", ".related-posts", ".author-bio"],
});
  • includeTags - keep only elements matching these selectors. Everything else is removed.
  • excludeTags - remove elements matching these selectors. Everything else is kept.
You can use includeTags and excludeTags together. Include runs first, then exclude.

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Why Reader is conservative with nav/header/footer

Many modern sites put actual content inside <nav> or <header> elements - for example, a docs sidebar lives in <nav> but contains links you want to crawl. Reader’s extraction is deliberately conservative by default: if a <main> or <article> container is found, the surrounding chrome is kept (because it might contain content you need), and only gets stripped if no main container was detected. If you want aggressive stripping for a site where the <main> detection isn’t kicking in, use excludeTags explicitly: 
await reader.scrape({
  urls: [...],
  excludeTags: ["nav", "header", "footer", "aside"],
});

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Markdown conversion

After extraction, the cleaned HTML is converted to markdown via supermarkdown - a Rust-backed converter optimized for LLM input. It handles:
  • Headings, lists, tables
  • Code blocks with language detection
  • Links and images (resolved to absolute URLs)
  • Blockquotes and inline formatting
  • Unicode and emoji preservation
The output is deterministic and LLM-friendly. Reader does not add extra whitespace, comments, or metadata to the markdown.

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Where to go next

Scraping

Back to the full scrape pipeline.

ScrapeOptions reference

All content extraction options listed.